wot is CLR

[lostguy]

any 1 can explain me the architecture of CLR is that something like JVM ...and
how it see IL of our application either through some file ..if yes then wot
kind of file is there that contains IL code and can we just take is file
to other machine and then we compile that to native code to get machine independancy
in vb.net..

[Scott Hutchinson]

Running a .NET application without first installing the .NET Framework (if
that is even possible) would be pretty useless because the application could
not access any of the over 5,000 classes in the .NET Framework Class
Library, which is one of the biggest advantages of .NET.

Here is an excerpt from the "Overview of the .NET Framework":

The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that simplifies application
development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .NET
Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:

a.. To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment
whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but
Internet-distributed, or executed remotely.
b.. To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes software
deployment and versioning conflicts.
c.. To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees safe execution
of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
d.. To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the
performance problems of scripted or interpreted environments.
e.. To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying
types of applications, such as Windows-based applications and Web-based
applications.
f.. To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code
based on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.
The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and
the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the
foundation of the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent
that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory
management, thread management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict
type safety and other forms of code accuracy that ensure security and
robustness. In fact, the concept of code management is a fundamental
principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known as managed
code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as unmanaged
code. The class library, the other main component of the .NET Framework, is
a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can
use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or
graphical user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the
latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web
services.

The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the
common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution of
managed code, thereby creating a software environment that can exploit both
managed and unmanaged features. The .NET Framework not only provides several
runtime hosts, but also supports the development of third-party runtime
hosts.

For example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime to provide a scalable, server-side
environment for managed code. ASP.NET works directly with the runtime to
enable Web Forms applications and XML Web services, both of which are
discussed later in this topic.

Internet Explorer is an example of an unmanaged application that hosts the
runtime (in the form of a MIME type extension). Using Internet Explorer to
host the runtime enables you to embed managed components or Windows Forms
controls in HTML documents. Hosting the runtime in this way makes managed
mobile code (similar to Microsoft® ActiveX® controls) possible, but with
significant improvements that only managed code can offer, such as
semi-trusted execution and secure isolated file storage.

Features of the Common Language Runtime
The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code
execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other system services.
These features are intrinsic to the managed code that runs on the common
language runtime.

With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of
trust, depending on a number of factors that include their origin (such as
the Internet, enterprise network, or local computer). This means that a
managed component might or might not be able to perform file-access
operations, registry-access operations, or other sensitive functions, even
if it is being used in the same active application.

The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can trust that
an executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing
a song, but cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The
security features of the runtime thus enable legitimate Internet-deployed
software to be exceptionally feature rich.

The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type- and
code-verification infrastructure called the common type system (CTS). The
CTS ensures that all managed code is self-describing. The various Microsoft
and third-party language compilers generate managed code that conforms to
the CTS. This means that managed code can consume other managed types and
instances, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and type safety.

In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common
software issues. For example, the runtime automatically handles object
layout and manages references to objects, releasing them when they are no
longer being used. This automatic memory management resolves the two most
common application errors, memory leaks and invalid memory references.

The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example,
programmers can write applications in their development language of choice,
yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library, and components
written in other languages by other developers. Any compiler vendor who
chooses to target the runtime can do so. Language compilers that target the
..NET Framework make the features of the .NET Framework available to existing
code written in that language, greatly easing the migration process for
existing applications.

While the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also
supports software of today and yesterday. Interoperability between managed
and unmanaged code enables developers to continue to use necessary COM
components and DLLs.

The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Although the common language
runtime provides many standard runtime services, managed code is never
interpreted. A feature called just-in-time (JIT) compiling enables all
managed code to run in the native machine language of the system on which it
is executing. Meanwhile, the memory manager removes the possibilities of
fragmented memory and increases memory locality-of-reference to further
increase performance.

Finally, the runtime can be hosted by high-performance, server-side
applications, such as Microsoft® SQL ServerT and Internet Information
Services (IIS). This infrastructure enables you to use managed code to write
your business logic, while still enjoying the superior performance of the
industry's best enterprise servers that support runtime hosting.

..NET Framework Class Library
The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types that
tightly integrate with the common language runtime. The class library is
object oriented, providing types from which your own managed code can derive
functionality. This not only makes the .NET Framework types easy to use, but
also reduces the time associated with learning new features of the .NET
Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate seamlessly with
classes in the .NET Framework.

For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set of
interfaces that you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your
collection classes will blend seamlessly with the classes in the .NET
Framework.

As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET
Framework types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming
tasks, including tasks such as string management, data collection, database
connectivity, and file access. In addition to these common tasks, the class
library includes types that support a variety of specialized development
scenarios. For example, you can use the .NET Framework to develop the
following types of applications and services:

a.. Console applications.
b.. Scripted or hosted applications.
c.. Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
d.. ASP.NET applications.
e.. XML Web services.
f.. Windows services.
For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable
types that vastly simplify Windows GUI development. If you write an ASP.NET
Web Form application, you can use the Web Forms classes.


Scott Hutchinson
scotthutchinson@usa.net

"lostguy" <talk2nauman@hotmail.com> wrote in message
news:3cab1ba2$1@10.1.10.29...
>
> any 1 can explain me the architecture of CLR is that something like JVM
....and
> how it see IL of our application either through some file ..if yes then
wot
> kind of file is there that contains IL code and can we just take is file
> to other machine and then we compile that to native code to get machine
independancy
> in vb.net..

[Patrick Troughton]

What is "wot"?

/Pat

[Patrick Steele [MVP]]

In article <3cab4273$1@10.1.10.29> (from Patrick Troughton
<Patrick@Troughton.com>),
>
> What is "wot"?

Yes.

--
Patrick Steele
Microsoft .NET MVP

[Eduardo]

"Patrick Steele [MVP]" <patrick@mvps.org> escreveu

> > What is "wot"?
>
> Yes.

ROFL!

Eduardo

[stever]

i think he meant "wut"

"Eduardo" <nospam@nospam.com.br> wrote in message
news:3cab4def$1@10.1.10.29...
> "Patrick Steele [MVP]" <patrick@mvps.org> escreveu
>
> > > What is "wot"?
> >
> > Yes.
>
> ROFL!
>
> Eduardo
>
>

[dnb]

That should be "whut".


"stever" <dontsend@memail.com> wrote in message news:3cab6834@10.1.10.29...
> i think he meant "wut"
>
> "Eduardo" <nospam@nospam.com.br> wrote in message
> news:3cab4def$1@10.1.10.29...
> > "Patrick Steele [MVP]" <patrick@mvps.org> escreveu
> >
> > > > What is "wot"?
> > >
> > > Yes.
> >
> > ROFL!
> >
> > Eduardo
> >
> >
>
>

[Scott Hutchinson]

If I remember right, a wot = 1 N*m/sec.

Scott Hutchinson
scotthutchinson@usa.net

"Patrick Troughton" <Patrick@Troughton.com> wrote in message
news:3cab4273$1@10.1.10.29...
>
> What is "wot"?
>
> /Pat
>

[Mike Mitchell]

On 3 Apr 2002 09:57:07 -0800, "Patrick Troughton"
<Patrick@Troughton.com> wrote:

>What is "wot"?

It was Chad who said this in WWII! Cor, you lot must be really wet
behind the ears! Or young.

See:
http://www.soulutions.co.uk/Cosmic/m...t_no_walls.htm

MM